Prosper Health's Autism Resource Center

When you picture someone with autism, there’s a good chance that a child comes to mind. Maybe your nephew or a member of your child’s class is diagnosed, so you’re familiar with some of the behaviors associated with the condition...or at least how they show up in children. But millions of autistic adults exist too, since autism is a distinct neurotype, not something you grow out of. 

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However, if the condition wasn’t assessed already in childhood, it can be harder to spot as an adult. In fact, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that one in 45 adults is autistic, and even more are likely undiagnosed. 

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Though there are many shared traits between the age groups, autism can present differently in adults than in children, which is something we'll discuss in depth within this article. But fundamentally,  the signs of autism in adults include a range of characteristics like:

• Social interaction and communication differences 
• Self-soothing and self-regulatory behaviors
• Sensory and processing differences
• Special interests and activities
• Emotional regulation and cognitive traits

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If you suspect you may be autistic, you likely know the journey toward diagnosis isn’t so straightforward. It can be confusing and frustrating! Especially since no two people with autism are the same, and everyone has their own unique combination of strengths and challenges.

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On top of that, many adults tend to mask their autistic behaviors to fit in with their neurotypical peers, oftentimes without even realizing it. Plus, thanks to gender and cultural bias and other stereotypes, countless autistic adults are overlooked due to their more subtle presentation of the condition. 

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That’s why Prosper Health is here to provide you with a clear, inclusive, neurodivergent-affirming breakdown of adult autism signs: what they are, why they’re often missed, and what to do if they resonate.

Stimming, or self-stimulatory behavior, is self-regulating behavior common among autistic individuals. Autistic people stim for many reasons, including combatting sensory overload, interrupting anxious thoughts or satisfying sensory-seeking needs.

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When thinking of stimming, many people imagine rocking or hand flapping. These are common stims, but stimming can look many different ways. Stims can include behaviors like playing with a fidget toy, pacing, jumping, repeating words or phrases and many, many more.

While many autistic individuals frequently engage in stimming, it isn’t always something that they feel comfortable doing publicly. Often, stigma and mistreatment make us autistic individuals fear judgment or harassment when stimming around others. Stimming comes along with benefits, including helping us manage sensory input, regulate our nervous systems, unmask and live more authentically. However, it can take a lot of work to feel comfortable openly stimming. Read on to learn how to get comfortable stimming around others.

Many autistic individuals report experiences with postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), a disorder of the autonomic nervous system. Although there has been some research on comorbid autism and POTS, science is yet to reveal much about the two diagnoses’ relationship. However, we know that they have some overlapping features, and that people with either diagnosis can benefit from support strategies. Read on to learn more about what we know about POTS and autism.

Stress is a part of life, but excessive stress can make day-to-day activities difficult and even compromise a person's physical health. Autistic individuals tend to experience higher baseline stress levels, due to factors like stigma, social marginalization and unmet support needs. Many people still understand autism through stereotypes, or don’t understand autistic behaviors at all, leading to bullying and mistreatment. Environmental stressors like disorganized and loud public spaces, harsh fluorescent lights, and inaccessible communication norms also take a toll. 

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Furthermore, mental health conditions are very common among autistic individuals. Nearly half live with severe anxiety, up to 40% have experienced depression and as many as 45% of autistic adults have PTSD. Additionally, autistic people have higher rates of co-occurring health conditions like sleep disorders, seizure disorders, and GI issues like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). All of this can further contribute to stress.

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In addition to degrading a person’s long-term mental and physical health, chronic stress can lead to unique challenges for autistic individuals. It can contribute to autistic burnout, the intense state of fatigue that autistic people confront due to many different sources of chronic stress, and an increased volume and intensity of meltdowns, which are involuntary responses to an overloaded nervous system.

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For autistic individuals, who often face high levels of chronic stress, stress management strategies and coping skills are essential for long-term well-being. Read on to learn valuable strategies for autistic adults to manage stress. 

Most adults with autism spectrum disorder experience challenges with sensory processing. This can manifest as hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity. If an autistic individual experiences hypersensitivity, it means that they’re easily overwhelmed by sensory input. For example, music playing over grocery store speakers could sound so loud that it’s physically painful for a hypersensitive autistic individual. Conversely, a hyposensitive autistic individual may have little reaction to stimuli. For instance, they may not even notice that the same music is playing. 

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When an autistic adult is out in public, they have very little control over sensory input. Sure, they can use things like sunglasses or noise-cancelling headphones to help prevent sensory overload, but the amount of sensory input can still be overwhelming. 

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Home, however, should be a refuge away from the chaos of the outside world, without the looming threat of sensory overload or overstimulation. Therefore, having an autism sensory-friendly home is important. 

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Luckily, you don’t have to buy a whole new home to accommodate your sensory needs. With just a few modifications, your home can become the sensory-friendly oasis of your dreams.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and seizures are two conditions that often overlap. Current research estimates that 26% of autistic individuals over the age of 13 also have epilepsy, compared to 1% of the non-autistic population. Understanding this link is crucial for improved diagnosis, care and quality of life.

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While we know that there is a link between autism and seizures, particularly epileptic seizures, the reason for the link is still unclear. Since studies show that the siblings of autistic individuals are also more likely to have epilepsy, it’s hypothesized that epilepsy and ASD may share some of the same genetic markers. Further, up to 80% of autistic individuals, when given an EEG (a test that measures electrical activity in the brain), had abnormal results, even if they’d had no observable seizures. This means that both epilepsy and autism can cause abnormal electrical activity in the brain.

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That said, while autistic people are more likely than neurotypical people to have epilepsy, and people with epilepsy are more likely to be autistic than someone without epilepsy, there is no research to suggest that one condition causes the other.

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Recognizing and addressing seizures in autistic individuals can have a major impact on daily functioning, development and well-being. Awareness empowers families and professionals to seek appropriate interventions and advocate for supportive care strategies tailored to each person's needs. If you think you may have had a seizure, seek emergency medical care immediately and speak with your medical doctor, or physician about your concerns. The information provided below regarding seizures has not been reviewed for accuracy by a physician or medical provider and is not intended to serve as medical advice.